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Jewish
Holidays
Shabbat
From Friday Sundown
To Saturday Sundown
Every Week of the Year
Shabbat is one of the
foundations, if not the foundation, of Jewish life. Its observance
has protected and inspired the Jew throughout history and has influenced, in
some degree or another, all of civilization. It is based on two fundamental
premises:
- G-d created the world in six "days" and "rested" on the seventh "day."
- G-d intervened in history to take the Jewish People out of the bondage of slavery in Egypt.
All else of Shabbat law; perhaps, in a sense,
all of Torah law as well, and an understanding of the Jewish soul, follow
from the above premises.
Pearl & Harold M. Jacobs
Learning Center
Work Restrictions: Thirty-nine Biblical categories of "melachah" very loosely defined as "work," and Rabbinical extensions
Rosh HaShanah
The Jewish New Year Day
of Judgment for the entire world. Extended, special synagogue services and
blowing of the ram's horn - Shofar. Start of Ten Days of Repentance.
Work Restrictions: Sabbath-like restrictions on
work both days in both Israel and the diaspora.
Tzom
Gedaliah
Fast Day Lamenting The
Expulsion From Israel; Fast begins at first morning light. Commemorates the
assassination of Gedalya Ben Achikam, and the true start of Babylonian exile
of the Jewish people (Early 6th century B.C.E.)
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Yom Kippur
The Day of
Atonement - Fast
day, beginning prior to sunset on the previous day (September 15, 2002).
Day-long synagogue services, with many special prayers, including Kol Nidre,
N'eela, and Memorial (Yizkor) services.
Work Restrictions:
All Sabbath-like work restrictions, with no exceptions for cooking etc. as
on Sukkot, Shmini Atzeret, Simchat Torah, Passover and Shavuot, where
exceptions are made for food preparation and carrying. In addition, there
are special restrictions against washing, applying oils, etc. to oneself,
marital relations and wearing leather shoes.
Sukkot
The Tabernacles -
Commemorates the Jewish people's wanderings in the desert. All meals must be
eaten in special temporary hut - the "Sukkah" Rituals with four species of
plants -
Lulav
and Etrog -
culminating with special services on the seventh day - Hoshana
Rabah.
Work Restrictions:
Israel: Sabbath-like restrictions on the first day.
Non-essential work activities or crafts prohibited during other days.
Diaspora:
Sabbath like restrictions on the
first 2 days. Non-essential work activities or crafts prohibited during
other days.
Hoshanah Rabah
The seventh and last day
of Sukkot - culminates the observation of the Days of Awe
as the day of the final sealing of
judgment, which began on Rosh Hashanah. Additional prayers and quests for
repentance as on Yom Kippur
are said in syngogue.
Work Restrictions:
Non-essential work activities or crafts prohibited.
Shmini Atzeret
The Eighth Day of
Assembly - culminates the celebration of renewal and thanksgiving and
invokes our anticipation of the Messianic Age. Memorial (Yizkor) services
are said in syngogue.
Work Restrictions:
Sabbath-like
restrictions.
Simchat Torah
Rejoicing of The Torah -
Special celebration of closing of the High Holidays season. Cycle of
Biblical readings in synagogue completed and begun again in joyous
celebration and festivity. Combined with Shmini Atzeret in Israel into one
day, celebrated as second of two consecutive days in the Diaspora.
Work Restrictions:
Sabbath-like restrictions.
Chanukah
The Holiday Of Lights
- Celebration of the
rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem to holy service by the
Maccabees after their successful struggle for independence and religious
freedom against the Syrians (2nd century B.C.E.). Commemorated by lighting
candles during each night.
Work Restrictions: Tradition limits work only
during the time that the Chanukah candles are lit.
Rosh Chodesh
Tevet
A Month of Anguish
- On the 10th - Asara
BeTevet - Fast begins at first morning light. Commemorates the beginning of
the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem (7th century B.C.E.).
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Asarah B'Tevet
Fast day that begins at
first morning light and ends at dusk. Commemorates the beginning of the
Babylonian siege of Jerusalem (Early 6th century B.C.E.). In the modern
State of Israel,
Kaddish (the Jewish prayer for the deceased)
is recited on this day for people whose date or place of death is unknown.
Consequently, many rabbis have designated it as a day of remembrance for the
Holocaust.
Work Restrictions:
No restrictions on work.
Tu B'Shevat
Jewish Arbor
Day. Celebration of new fruits and the land of Israel. No eulogies or daily
prayers of mourning said. Some add special services.
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Fast of Esther
Fast begins at
first morning light. Commemorates the fast of Queen Esther in order to save
the Jewish people of ancient Persia (Late 6th century B.C.E.), and the
subsequent victory of the Jewish people over their enemies.
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Purim
Commemorates the
rescue of the Jewish people in ancient Persia (Late 6th century B.C.E.).
Celebrated with feasts, special prayers, the reading of the Book of Esther,
the sending of gifts from friend to friend, and extra charity.
Work Restrictions: Limited restrictions on work.
Shushan
Purim
Purim in cities
surrounded by walls from the days of Joshua such as Jerusalem -
see
inside for details.
Work Restrictions: Limited restrictions on work.
Rosh Chodesh
Nisan
The first commandment
given by G-d to the Jewish People was to establish the beginning of the
Month of Nisan (which wasn't yet called "Nisan," but, rather, the First
Month). Until now, the Calendar was, so to speak, in G-d's hands. From this
point on, the Hebrew Calendar was placed in the hands of the Jewish People.
"Hashem said to Moshe and Aharon in the Land of Egypt, 'This month shall be for you the beginning of the months; it shall be for you the first of the months of the year.' " (Shemot, 12:1-2)
Nisan is the Month of Redemption, because it is the month in which the Exodus took place around 3,300 B.C.E., at which time the Jewish People were redeemed from Slavery in Egypt. This event, in which the Bible records (Shemot, Chapters 1-15) G-d's intervention in human history in behalf of the oppressed Children of Israel, constituted the physical birth of the Jewish Nation.
Passover
Commemorates the Exodus
of the Jewish people from ancient Egypt. Special dietary restrictions
beginning the morning of the previous day. No foods
containing fermented grain products - Chametz - may be consumed or found in
any Jewish household. Special family meal - the "Seder" - conducted during
the first evening in Israel and the first 2 evenings in the Diaspora.
Memorial (Yizkor) services are said on 7th day in Israel, 8th day in the
Diaspora.
Work Restrictions:
Israel: Sabbath like restrictions on the first and last
days (15 & 21 Nisan). Non-essential work activities or crafts prohibited
during other days.
Diaspora:
Sabbath like restrictions on the
first 2 and last 2 days (15&16 & 21&22 Nisan). Non-essential work activities
or crafts prohibited during other days.
Yom HaShoah
Holocaust Memorial Day -
Special memorial prayers are said.
Work Restrictions:
No restrictions on work.
Yom HaZikaron
Lechalalei
Ma'arachot Yisrael
Israel Defense Forces
Memorial Day - Special memorial prayers are said.
Work Restrictions:
No restrictions on work.
Yom HaAtzmaut
Israel Independence Day.
Many add special thanksgiving prayers and celebratory feast.
Work Restrictions:
No restrictions on work.
Lag
BaOmer
Break in the mourning
period for the 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva (2nd
century). Only day in 49-day period when weddings permitted.
No special services.
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Yom Yerushalayim
Jerusalem Reunification
Day. Many add special thanksgiving prayers and celebratory feast.
Work Restrictions:
No restrictions on work.
"In the third month after the Exodus of the Jewish People from Egypt, on that very day, they came to the Desert of Sinai" (Shemot 19:1)
Jewish Tradition says that "that very day" refers to Rosh Chodesh Sivan. This Rosh Chodesh always consists of just one day because Iyar, the preceding month, is always categorized, calendar-wise, as "missing;" that is, it consists of just twenty-nine days. Sivan itself, however, is always "full;" that is, it always consists of the full complement of thirty days. Chodesh Sivan
This month has the great privilege of being the month in which the People of Israel received the Torah at the foot of Mount Sinai, perhaps the greatest event in the History of the Jewish People and of World History, which is commemorated on the Festival of Shavuot, the "Day of the Giving of the Torah."
Shavuot
Moses Recieves The Torah
(Pentecost) - Celebrating
G-d's giving of the Torah and Ten Commandments to the Jews at Mt. Sinai.
Memorial (Yizkor) services said (on 2nd day in diaspora).
Work Restrictions: Sabbath-like work restrictions
one day in Israel - two days in diaspora.
Fast
of Shiva
Asar
B'Tammuz
Fast Day Lamenting Breach
of Jerusalem Walls
-
Fast begins at first morning
light. Commemorates the breach of the walls of Jerusalem by the besieging
ancient Romans (Ist century C.E.). Start of 3 week period during which
weddings and celebrations are forbidden.
Work Restrictions: No restrictions on work.
Rosh Chodesh Av is always just one day, because the preceding month, Tammuz, is always "chaser," diminished; that is, it only contains twenty nine days. The month of Av, on the other hand, is always "malei," full; that is, it always contains thirty days.
Fast of Tisha
B'Av
Fast Day Lamenting
Destruction of Temples - Fast begins prior to sunset and concludes at sunset
of next day. Anniversary of the destruction of both the First and Second
Temples in Jerusalem, and other Jewish tragedies. Climax of three week
mourning period and, within those weeks, of a more intense nine-day mourning
period. Special mourning customs and prayers.
Work Restrictions:
Limited restrictions work through mid-day.
To be continued...
for more infos please visit : Orthodox Union OU.ORG - Your Gateway to the Jewish Internet
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